Empire of Self

A Life of Gore Vidal

Author Jay Parini
An intimate, authorized yet totally frank biography of Gore Vidal (1925–2012), one of the most accomplished, visible, and controversial American novelists and cultural figures of the past century 


The product of thirty years of friendship and conversation, Jay Parini’s Empire of Self digs behind the glittering surface of Gore Vidal’s colorful career to reveal the complex emotional and sexual truths underlying his celebrity-strewn life. But there is plenty of glittering surface as well—a virtual Who’s Who of the twentieth century, from Eleanor Roosevelt and Amelia Earhart through the Kennedys, Johnny Carson, Leonard Bernstein, and the crème de la crème of Hollywood. Also a generous helping of feuds with the likes of William F. Buckley, Norman Mailer, Truman Capote, and The New York Times, among other adversaries. 
     The life of Gore Vidal teemed with notable incidents, famous people, and lasting achievements that call out for careful evocation and examination. Jay Parini crafts Vidal’s life into an accessible, entertaining story that puts the experience of one of the great American figures of the postwar era into context, introduces the author and his works to a generation who may not know him, and looks behind the scenes at the man and his work in ways never possible before his death. Provided with unique access to Vidal’s life and his papers, Parini excavates many buried skeletons yet never loses sight of his deep respect for Vidal and his astounding gifts. This is the biography Gore Vidal—novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, historian, wit, provocateur, and pioneer of gay rights—has long needed.
My friendship with Gore Vidal began in the mid-eighties, when I lived with my wife and young children in Atrani, a fishing village on the coast of southern Italy.  We had a small villa on a cliff overlooking the sea, with a view to Salerno to the south, and Capri just out of sight to the north.  The bay below us glistened, the sunlight like diamonds scatted on the water, almost too bright to bear, with fishing vessels departing each morning in search of mullet, mussels, mackerel, tuna, and squid that they would unload in the afternoon and sell in wooden barrels by the dock.  I was writing a novel in the mornings at a café in Amalfi itself, walking into town along a stony footpath where a thousand cats seemed to prowl, where sturdy women carried groceries slowly up hundreds of steps, and children kicked footballs in back alleys.  The smell of laundry soap, cat piss, and wild flowers were ubiquitous. 

We had a lovely rooftop terrace, above which rose a lemon grove and high limestone cliffs.  A massive villa – alabaster white, clinging to the rocks like a swallow’s nest – shimmered above us, and we wondered who lived there in such opulence.  Some Italian nobleman?  A local mafia don?  A film star?  When I asked the tobacconist in town about its resident, he said, “Ah, lo scrittore!  Gore Vidal.  Americano.”  He explained that the writer stopped by his shop almost every afternoon for a newspaper.  He retired to the bar next door for a drink, where he would sit and read for an hour or so before taking the bus up the hill to Ravello.

Already I knew the work of Gore Vidal quite well.  Having been an anti-war activist during the Vietnam era, I admired his fierce political commentaries in Esquire and The New York Review of Books.  I never forgot his fiery debates with William F. Buckley during the presidential conventions of 1968, especially during the siege of Chicago.  He had held his ground, driving Buckley mad with his relentless logic and unflappable manner.  I had read half a dozen of his novels, including Myra Breckinridge, Burr, and Lincoln. Needless to say, I wanted to meet him.
I sent a brief note, telling Gore I was an American writer living at 23 via Torricelli in Atrani, and would like to meet him.  That evening he pounded on my door, inviting us (my wife and I) to dinner.  I was terrified, as his reputation preceded him, and thought he might be tricky. But a friendship blossomed. I would often meet him for a drink or dinner, and a series of conversations began that lasted until his death in 2012.  It would be fair to say, in a crude way, that I was looking for a father, and he seemed in search of a son.  We had a good deal  in common, including a passion for liberal politics, American history, and books.  We both loved Henry James, Twain, Trollope and Henry Adams – just to name a few of the more obvious names – and we invariably found we had more to talk about than time allowed.  We also shared a love of both Italy and Britain.  By that time I had spent seven years in the British Isles, and it turned out we knew many of the same people.  The literary world is, in fact, quite small – especially in Britain and Italy, where writers and editors often converge at parties and literary events.   

In the decades that followed, we spoke on the phone every week – for periods on a daily basis.  And I would stay with him often in Ravello or, later, Los Angeles, meeting him often when he traveled.  I have strong memories of times together in such places as Rome, Naples, Edinburgh, Oxford, London, New York, Boston, even Salzburg and Key West. He proved more than helpful to me as a younger writer, reading drafts of my books, offering frank critiques and encouragement.  We discussed his work at length, too – he would frequently send a typescript or galley for me to read. 

His phone calls, in later years, often began:  “What are they saying about me?”  To a somewhat frightening degree, he depended on the world’s opinion.  Once, in one of those memories that stands in for many others, my wife and I were sitting in his study in Ravello when he came in with drinks.  On the wall behind his desk were twenty or so framed magazine covers, with Gore’s face on each cover.  I asked:  “What’s that all about, those covers?”  He said, “When I come into this room in the morning to work, I like to be reminded who I am.” 

Over many decades he had built a huge empire of self, sending out colonies in various languages. “They love me in Brazil,” he would say.  Or Bulgaria, or Turkey, or Hong Kong.  I took his rampant egotism with a grain of salt.  It was part of him, but only part.  The narcissism was, at times, an exhausting and debilitating thing for him, as it proved impossible to get enough satisfying responses.  He required a hall of mirrors for adequate reflection, and there was never enough. The narcissistic hole can’t be filled.  At times, I wondered about how much money and time I spent in winging off to various far-flung cities to spend a few days with him, and my transatlantic phone bills reflected my own mania.  But his flame was very bright and warm, and I was drawn to it.
Praise for Empire of Self:

“The incomparable wit, the literary genius, the dazzling friends, the staggering output, the politics, the sex, the drink, the dreadful mother and the awful last days—it's all here. It's like, for a time, enjoying Gore's priceless company again. This is as good as biography gets.”
—Dick Cavett

"Though Mr. Parini says he didn’t want to write a memoir of his friendship with Vidal, it’s when he does so that Empire of Self is at its finest.... Vidal had at one point asked Mr. Parini to be his literary executor. When Vidal died, Mr. Parini says he was relieved to discover that this burdensome task had not been left to him. 'The problem,' he writes, 'was that nobody assumed this role.' But in this book he essentially did."
The New York Times

"Marvelous.... Given Vidal’s sensitivity to any slight, real or imagined, Parini wisely declined an offer that he write his story during his lifetime. The wait has allowed the author, whose friendship with Vidal began in the 1980s, to produce a portrait that is both affectionate and balanced." 
The Economist

"In Empire of Self, the first posthumous biography of Vidal, Jay Parini takes a long view of Vidal’s eccentricities, shedding new light on the legacy-building efforts of one of the twentieth century’s great public intellectuals."
Boston Review

“Parini precedes each chapter with a vignette, a focused memory from his own experiences with Vidal. They range from amusing to deeply moving. Parini is a wise general biographer of a literary figure. He tells us about each of Vidal's major works (and the major reviews thereof) but never in prose choked with jargon or self-importance. The goals are exposition and elucidation, and he achieves them gracefully.... A superbly personal biography that pulsates with intelligence, scholarship, and heart.”
Kirkus Reviews, starred review

"...[A] constantly memorable biography that will no doubt be the best Vidal will ever get."
The Buffalo News

"More than anything, Parini reveals, Vidal feared 'becoming a rumor in his own time'and forgotten when he was dead. 'One feels the Great Eraser always at work,' he said again and again in conversations and letters. Empire of Self may stay the hand of the Great Eraser."
The Philadelphia Inquirer

"Parini nicely describes the 'lofty intimacy' of Vidal’s style, and makes a strong case for Vidal as one of the critics who helped to 'enlarge and redefine' the book-review essay."
The New Yorker

"The outstanding quality—no, just one of the outstanding qualities—of this tour de force of effective biography is the dexterity, the balance with which Parini handles the two acute sides of his subject, Vidal the 'angel' and Vidal the 'monster.' ... It is a book of greatly astute literary understanding, prepared with a vitality that perfectly suits Vidal’s fast-paced, vivid life."
Booklist, starred review

“Acclaimed biographer Parini (Robert Frost: A Life) draws on his 30 years of friendship and conversation with Gore Vidal (1925–2012), as well as on deep archival research, to offer a simultaneously admiring and candid portrait.... Vidal emerges as a brave and provocative political observer, yet a shy man, who, as Parini observes, wore the 'elaborately contrived mask of Gore Vidal.' Parini’s access to Vidal and his thoughtful reflections on him establish this as the definitive biography of a major writer.”
Publishers Weekly

"...Parini has produced a balanced account of a man of immense talent who sometimes used it wisely and other times didn’t. Lively and insightful, this book should find favor among lovers of literature and biography. It’s got heart."
Library Journal

"Like Hemingway, Vidal was a great writer in spite of being a bastard. [Jay] Parini shows him warts and all. Empire of Self is an excellent biography."
National Review

"One of the most captivating and controversial personalities of modern American literature has been brought brilliantly back to life by one of contemporary America's most masterful biographers."
—Miranda Seymour, author of Ottoline Morell: Life on the Grand Scale and Mary Shelley

"Jay Parini’s book about Gore Vidal is a winner. He has done the impossible—written about a monster of egotism with incredible empathy. His deep knowledge of Vidal makes this book a masterpiece of biography. He has combined the personal with the public in a unique way. Empire of Self is full of life and humor.”
—Erica Jong, author of Fear of Flying and Fear of Dying

"Gore Vidal was a giant on the American scene, in the American century, equally at home with Hollywood and Broadway stars, Washington politicians, famous writers and European aristocrats. He was a great wit as well. In a miraculous way, Jay Parini has conjured this splendid, amusing, inexplicable life, creating a book that has everything: sex and humor, American history, even wisdom. One of the finest biographies of recent years.”
—Gay Talese

“Jay Parini has written a clear-eyed, level, captivating, and brilliantly-paced biography of the liveliest and most ferocious American writer of the last century, the King of Zing, Gore Vidal. Thought to have secured the ‘life rights’ to his own story by many gambits in memoir, Vidal registers as a bolder provocateur in life, art, and politics than even he realized. This brisk and vital account convinces that Vidal has not diminished with time; it’s our pages that got small.”
—Brad Gooch, author of Flannery: A Life of Flannery O’Connor and City Poet: The Life and Times of Frank O’Hara

"The veteran biographer Jay Parini has earned the right to call his latest subject by his first name; he followed on the trail of this large American presence for thirty years. The result is an intimate portrait of a vivid, brilliant, famously irascible figure who knew everyone and wrote everything—from novels to movie scripts to essays and plays—in his astonishingly prolific career. Written with élan and confident erudition, Empire of Self is one of the most engaging biographies of our time."
—James Atlas, author of Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet and Bellow: A Biography

About

An intimate, authorized yet totally frank biography of Gore Vidal (1925–2012), one of the most accomplished, visible, and controversial American novelists and cultural figures of the past century 


The product of thirty years of friendship and conversation, Jay Parini’s Empire of Self digs behind the glittering surface of Gore Vidal’s colorful career to reveal the complex emotional and sexual truths underlying his celebrity-strewn life. But there is plenty of glittering surface as well—a virtual Who’s Who of the twentieth century, from Eleanor Roosevelt and Amelia Earhart through the Kennedys, Johnny Carson, Leonard Bernstein, and the crème de la crème of Hollywood. Also a generous helping of feuds with the likes of William F. Buckley, Norman Mailer, Truman Capote, and The New York Times, among other adversaries. 
     The life of Gore Vidal teemed with notable incidents, famous people, and lasting achievements that call out for careful evocation and examination. Jay Parini crafts Vidal’s life into an accessible, entertaining story that puts the experience of one of the great American figures of the postwar era into context, introduces the author and his works to a generation who may not know him, and looks behind the scenes at the man and his work in ways never possible before his death. Provided with unique access to Vidal’s life and his papers, Parini excavates many buried skeletons yet never loses sight of his deep respect for Vidal and his astounding gifts. This is the biography Gore Vidal—novelist, essayist, dramatist, screenwriter, historian, wit, provocateur, and pioneer of gay rights—has long needed.

Excerpt

My friendship with Gore Vidal began in the mid-eighties, when I lived with my wife and young children in Atrani, a fishing village on the coast of southern Italy.  We had a small villa on a cliff overlooking the sea, with a view to Salerno to the south, and Capri just out of sight to the north.  The bay below us glistened, the sunlight like diamonds scatted on the water, almost too bright to bear, with fishing vessels departing each morning in search of mullet, mussels, mackerel, tuna, and squid that they would unload in the afternoon and sell in wooden barrels by the dock.  I was writing a novel in the mornings at a café in Amalfi itself, walking into town along a stony footpath where a thousand cats seemed to prowl, where sturdy women carried groceries slowly up hundreds of steps, and children kicked footballs in back alleys.  The smell of laundry soap, cat piss, and wild flowers were ubiquitous. 

We had a lovely rooftop terrace, above which rose a lemon grove and high limestone cliffs.  A massive villa – alabaster white, clinging to the rocks like a swallow’s nest – shimmered above us, and we wondered who lived there in such opulence.  Some Italian nobleman?  A local mafia don?  A film star?  When I asked the tobacconist in town about its resident, he said, “Ah, lo scrittore!  Gore Vidal.  Americano.”  He explained that the writer stopped by his shop almost every afternoon for a newspaper.  He retired to the bar next door for a drink, where he would sit and read for an hour or so before taking the bus up the hill to Ravello.

Already I knew the work of Gore Vidal quite well.  Having been an anti-war activist during the Vietnam era, I admired his fierce political commentaries in Esquire and The New York Review of Books.  I never forgot his fiery debates with William F. Buckley during the presidential conventions of 1968, especially during the siege of Chicago.  He had held his ground, driving Buckley mad with his relentless logic and unflappable manner.  I had read half a dozen of his novels, including Myra Breckinridge, Burr, and Lincoln. Needless to say, I wanted to meet him.
I sent a brief note, telling Gore I was an American writer living at 23 via Torricelli in Atrani, and would like to meet him.  That evening he pounded on my door, inviting us (my wife and I) to dinner.  I was terrified, as his reputation preceded him, and thought he might be tricky. But a friendship blossomed. I would often meet him for a drink or dinner, and a series of conversations began that lasted until his death in 2012.  It would be fair to say, in a crude way, that I was looking for a father, and he seemed in search of a son.  We had a good deal  in common, including a passion for liberal politics, American history, and books.  We both loved Henry James, Twain, Trollope and Henry Adams – just to name a few of the more obvious names – and we invariably found we had more to talk about than time allowed.  We also shared a love of both Italy and Britain.  By that time I had spent seven years in the British Isles, and it turned out we knew many of the same people.  The literary world is, in fact, quite small – especially in Britain and Italy, where writers and editors often converge at parties and literary events.   

In the decades that followed, we spoke on the phone every week – for periods on a daily basis.  And I would stay with him often in Ravello or, later, Los Angeles, meeting him often when he traveled.  I have strong memories of times together in such places as Rome, Naples, Edinburgh, Oxford, London, New York, Boston, even Salzburg and Key West. He proved more than helpful to me as a younger writer, reading drafts of my books, offering frank critiques and encouragement.  We discussed his work at length, too – he would frequently send a typescript or galley for me to read. 

His phone calls, in later years, often began:  “What are they saying about me?”  To a somewhat frightening degree, he depended on the world’s opinion.  Once, in one of those memories that stands in for many others, my wife and I were sitting in his study in Ravello when he came in with drinks.  On the wall behind his desk were twenty or so framed magazine covers, with Gore’s face on each cover.  I asked:  “What’s that all about, those covers?”  He said, “When I come into this room in the morning to work, I like to be reminded who I am.” 

Over many decades he had built a huge empire of self, sending out colonies in various languages. “They love me in Brazil,” he would say.  Or Bulgaria, or Turkey, or Hong Kong.  I took his rampant egotism with a grain of salt.  It was part of him, but only part.  The narcissism was, at times, an exhausting and debilitating thing for him, as it proved impossible to get enough satisfying responses.  He required a hall of mirrors for adequate reflection, and there was never enough. The narcissistic hole can’t be filled.  At times, I wondered about how much money and time I spent in winging off to various far-flung cities to spend a few days with him, and my transatlantic phone bills reflected my own mania.  But his flame was very bright and warm, and I was drawn to it.

Praise

Praise for Empire of Self:

“The incomparable wit, the literary genius, the dazzling friends, the staggering output, the politics, the sex, the drink, the dreadful mother and the awful last days—it's all here. It's like, for a time, enjoying Gore's priceless company again. This is as good as biography gets.”
—Dick Cavett

"Though Mr. Parini says he didn’t want to write a memoir of his friendship with Vidal, it’s when he does so that Empire of Self is at its finest.... Vidal had at one point asked Mr. Parini to be his literary executor. When Vidal died, Mr. Parini says he was relieved to discover that this burdensome task had not been left to him. 'The problem,' he writes, 'was that nobody assumed this role.' But in this book he essentially did."
The New York Times

"Marvelous.... Given Vidal’s sensitivity to any slight, real or imagined, Parini wisely declined an offer that he write his story during his lifetime. The wait has allowed the author, whose friendship with Vidal began in the 1980s, to produce a portrait that is both affectionate and balanced." 
The Economist

"In Empire of Self, the first posthumous biography of Vidal, Jay Parini takes a long view of Vidal’s eccentricities, shedding new light on the legacy-building efforts of one of the twentieth century’s great public intellectuals."
Boston Review

“Parini precedes each chapter with a vignette, a focused memory from his own experiences with Vidal. They range from amusing to deeply moving. Parini is a wise general biographer of a literary figure. He tells us about each of Vidal's major works (and the major reviews thereof) but never in prose choked with jargon or self-importance. The goals are exposition and elucidation, and he achieves them gracefully.... A superbly personal biography that pulsates with intelligence, scholarship, and heart.”
Kirkus Reviews, starred review

"...[A] constantly memorable biography that will no doubt be the best Vidal will ever get."
The Buffalo News

"More than anything, Parini reveals, Vidal feared 'becoming a rumor in his own time'and forgotten when he was dead. 'One feels the Great Eraser always at work,' he said again and again in conversations and letters. Empire of Self may stay the hand of the Great Eraser."
The Philadelphia Inquirer

"Parini nicely describes the 'lofty intimacy' of Vidal’s style, and makes a strong case for Vidal as one of the critics who helped to 'enlarge and redefine' the book-review essay."
The New Yorker

"The outstanding quality—no, just one of the outstanding qualities—of this tour de force of effective biography is the dexterity, the balance with which Parini handles the two acute sides of his subject, Vidal the 'angel' and Vidal the 'monster.' ... It is a book of greatly astute literary understanding, prepared with a vitality that perfectly suits Vidal’s fast-paced, vivid life."
Booklist, starred review

“Acclaimed biographer Parini (Robert Frost: A Life) draws on his 30 years of friendship and conversation with Gore Vidal (1925–2012), as well as on deep archival research, to offer a simultaneously admiring and candid portrait.... Vidal emerges as a brave and provocative political observer, yet a shy man, who, as Parini observes, wore the 'elaborately contrived mask of Gore Vidal.' Parini’s access to Vidal and his thoughtful reflections on him establish this as the definitive biography of a major writer.”
Publishers Weekly

"...Parini has produced a balanced account of a man of immense talent who sometimes used it wisely and other times didn’t. Lively and insightful, this book should find favor among lovers of literature and biography. It’s got heart."
Library Journal

"Like Hemingway, Vidal was a great writer in spite of being a bastard. [Jay] Parini shows him warts and all. Empire of Self is an excellent biography."
National Review

"One of the most captivating and controversial personalities of modern American literature has been brought brilliantly back to life by one of contemporary America's most masterful biographers."
—Miranda Seymour, author of Ottoline Morell: Life on the Grand Scale and Mary Shelley

"Jay Parini’s book about Gore Vidal is a winner. He has done the impossible—written about a monster of egotism with incredible empathy. His deep knowledge of Vidal makes this book a masterpiece of biography. He has combined the personal with the public in a unique way. Empire of Self is full of life and humor.”
—Erica Jong, author of Fear of Flying and Fear of Dying

"Gore Vidal was a giant on the American scene, in the American century, equally at home with Hollywood and Broadway stars, Washington politicians, famous writers and European aristocrats. He was a great wit as well. In a miraculous way, Jay Parini has conjured this splendid, amusing, inexplicable life, creating a book that has everything: sex and humor, American history, even wisdom. One of the finest biographies of recent years.”
—Gay Talese

“Jay Parini has written a clear-eyed, level, captivating, and brilliantly-paced biography of the liveliest and most ferocious American writer of the last century, the King of Zing, Gore Vidal. Thought to have secured the ‘life rights’ to his own story by many gambits in memoir, Vidal registers as a bolder provocateur in life, art, and politics than even he realized. This brisk and vital account convinces that Vidal has not diminished with time; it’s our pages that got small.”
—Brad Gooch, author of Flannery: A Life of Flannery O’Connor and City Poet: The Life and Times of Frank O’Hara

"The veteran biographer Jay Parini has earned the right to call his latest subject by his first name; he followed on the trail of this large American presence for thirty years. The result is an intimate portrait of a vivid, brilliant, famously irascible figure who knew everyone and wrote everything—from novels to movie scripts to essays and plays—in his astonishingly prolific career. Written with élan and confident erudition, Empire of Self is one of the most engaging biographies of our time."
—James Atlas, author of Delmore Schwartz: The Life of An American Poet and Bellow: A Biography